中文名（Chinese Name）：侧柏
学名（Scientific Name）： Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：香柏、扁桧
异名（Synonym）：Biota orientalis (L.) Endl.；Platycladus stricta Spach；Thuja orientalis var. argyi Lemée et H. Lév.；Thuja orientalis L.；Thuja chengii Bordères et Gaussen；Thuja decora Salisb.；Thuja acuta Moench；Platycladus chengii (Bordères & Gaussen) A.V. Bobrov；Biota chengii (Bordères & Gaussen) Bordères & Gaussen；Biota coraeana Siebold ex Gordon；Biota dumosa Carrière；Biota elegantissima Beissn.；Biota ericoides Carrière  Biota excelsa Gordon；Biota falcata Carrière  Biota fortunei Carrière；Biota freneloides Gordon；Biota funiculata Gordon；Biota glauca Carrière  Biota gracilifolia Knight；Biota intermedia Gordon；Biota japonica Siebold ex Gordon；Biota macrocarpa Gordon；Biota meldensis M.A.Lawson ex Gordon；Biota nepalensis Endl. ex Gordon；Biota orientalis f. sieboldii W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang；Biota orientalis var. beverleyensis Hu；Biota orientalis var. cristata Carrière；Biota orientalis var. cupressoides Carrière；Biota orientalis var. falcata Carrière；Biota orientalis var. fernandiana Lavallée；Biota orientalis var. flagelliformis (Jacques) Hoopes；Biota orientalis var. pendula (Thunb.) Carrière；Biota pendula (Thunb.) Endl.  Biota prostrata Gordon；Biota pyramidalis Carrière；Biota semperaurescens Beissn.；Biota stricta (Spach) Lindl. & Gordon；Biota tatarica Lindl. & Gordon；Biota variegata Gordon；Biota wareana Gordon；Biota zuccarinii Siebold ex Carrière；Cupressus filiformis Beissn.；Chamaecyparis glauca Carrière；Cupressus thuja O.Targ.Tozz.；Platycladus orientalis subsp. chengii (Bordères & Gaussen) Silba；Retinispora decurvata Carrière；Retinispora decussata Gordon；Retinispora ericoides Zucc. ex Gordon；Retinispora flavescens Beissn.；Retinispora juniperoides Carrière；Retinispora recurvata Mast.；Retinispora rigida Carrière；Thuja antarctica Gordon；Thuja argentea Carrière  Thuja aurea Carrière；Thuja dumosa Gordon；Thuja elegantissima Gordon；Thuja expansa Laws. ex K.Koch；Thuja filiformis Lodd. ex Lindl.；Thuja fortunei Carrière；Thuja freneloides Carrière；Thuja funiculata Gordon；Thuja glauca Carrière；Thuja gracilifolia Knight ex Parl.；Thuja hybrida Carrière；Thuja intermedia Gordon；Thuja meldensis Quetier；Widdringtonia glauca (Carrière) Carrière；Thuja monstrosa Gordon；Thuja nepalensis Lodd. ex Carrière；Thuja orientalis var. flagelliformis Jacques；Thuja orientalis var. mexicana Dummer；Thuja pygmaea Carrière；Thuja pyramidalis Ten.；Thuja semperaurea Beissn.；Thuja semperaurescens K.Koch；Thuja stricta Gordon  Thuja verschaffeltii Parl.；Thuja zuccariniana Voss  
科属（Family & Genus）：柏科（Cupressaceae）侧柏属（Platycladus）
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达20余米，胸径1米；树皮薄，浅灰褐色，纵裂成条片；枝条向上伸展或斜展，幼树树冠卵状尖塔形，老树树冠则为广圆形；生鳞叶的小枝细，向上直展或斜展，扁平，排成一平面。叶鳞形，长1-3毫米，先端微钝，小枝中央的叶的露出部分呈倒卵状菱形或斜方形，背面中间有条状腺槽，两侧的叶船形，先端微内曲，背部有钝脊，尖头的下方有腺点。雄球花黄色，卵圆形，长约2毫米；雌球花近球形，径约2毫米，蓝绿色，被白粉。球果近卵圆形，长1.5-2（-2.5)厘米，成熟前近肉质，蓝绿色，被白粉，成熟后木质，开裂，红褐色；中间两对种鳞倒卵形或椭圆形，鳞背顶端的下方有一向外弯曲的尖头，上部1对种鳞窄长，近柱状，顶端有向上的尖头，下部1对种鳞极小，长达13毫米，稀退化而不显著；种子卵圆形或近椭圆形，顶端微尖，灰褐色或紫褐色，长6-8毫米，稍有棱脊，无翅或有极窄之翅。花期3-4月，球果10月成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产于内蒙古南部、吉林、辽宁、河北、山西、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、安徽、江西、河南、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南、贵州、湖北、湖南、广东北部及广西北部等省区。西藏德庆、达孜等地有栽培。在吉林垂直分布达海拔250米，在河北、山东、山西等地达1000-1200米，在河南、陕西等地达1500米，在云南中部及西北部达3300米。河北兴隆、山西太行山区、陕西秦岭以北渭河流域及云南澜沧江流域山谷中有天然森林。淮河以北、华北地区石炭岩山地、阳坡及平原多选用造林。朝鲜也有分布。
用途（Use）：木材淡黄褐色，富树脂，材质细密，纹理斜行，耐腐力强，比重0.58，坚实耐用。可供建筑、器具、家具、农具及文具等用材。种子与生鳞叶的小枝入药，前者为强壮滋补药，后者为健胃药，又为清凉收敛药及淋疾的利尿药。常栽培作庭园树。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4
Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco, Portugaliae Acta Biol., ser. B, Sist. Vol. "Júlio Henriques". 33. 1949.
侧柏 ce bai| Cupressaceae  | Platycladus
Thuja orientalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1002. 1753; Biota orientalis (Linnaeus) Endlicher; Platycladus stricta Spach; Thuja chengii Borderes & Gaussen; T. orientalis var. argyi Lemee & H. Léveillé.
Trees to more than 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m (or more) d.b.h.; bark reddish brown to light grayish brown, thin, flaking in long strips; crown ovoid-pyramidal when young, broadly rounded or irregular when old. Leaves 1-3 mm, apex bluntly pointed; facial leaves rhomboid, with a conspicuous, linear, glandular groove at center abaxially; lateral leaves overlapping facial ones, boat-shaped, ridged, apex slightly incurved. Pollen cones yellowish green, ovoid, 2-3 mm. Seed cones when immature bluish green, subglobose, ca. 3 mm in diam., when ripe reddish brown, subovoid, 1.5-2(-2.5) × 1-1.8 cm; proximal 2 fertile cone scales 2-seeded, distal 2 fertile scales 1-seeded. Seeds grayish brown or purplish brown, ovoid or subellipsoid, 5-7 × 3-4 mm, slightly ridged. Pollination Mar-Apr, seed maturity Oct.
Natural occurrences are difficult to distinguish from local introductions, owing to extensive cultivation and planting in the past; 300-3300 m. Native in S Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi; introduced or status uncertain in Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Nei Mongol, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Korea, E Russia].

（责任编辑：徐晔春）