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Towards development of an efficient somatic embryogenesis protocol for the palm tree Euterpe precatoria (Mart.) from leaf tissues of adult plants

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Abstract

An efficient, reproducible, and unprecedented protocol of somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed from leaf tissues of adult plants of Euterpe precatoria Mart., palm tree of the Amazon biome of great economic potential. For callus induction, immature leaf segments from the proximal (closest to the meristem), median and distal regions of the palm heart were cultivated in MS and Y3 basal media containing Picloram or 2,4-D auxins in different concentrations. The effect of combining cytokinin 2iP (45 µM) with Picloram or 2,4-D (450 µM) was also evaluated, in addition to the palm heart region and basal media. The multiplication of embryogenic structures was carried out in basal media with a reduced concentration of growth regulators. For somatic embryos maturation, the following were tested: MS medium with reduced concentration of salts (half-strength MS); basal MS + 5 µM abscisic acid (ABA); basal MS + 25 g L-1 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000; basal MS + 60 g L-1 sucrose and basal MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L-1 PEG 6000. Mature somatic embryos were then inoculated at half-strength MS for germination. Anatomical and histochemical analyses of materials from the different phases of the process were performed. Higher efficiency of the MS medium with 450 µM Picloram and 45 µM 2iP was observed in the induction of callogenesis, with the formation of somatic embryos still in this phase. The apical and median regions were the most responsive for callus formation. The rate of proliferation of embryogenic structures was high and remained up to 180 d in the multiplication medium. The maturation treatments are efficient. Specifically, the treatment basal MS + 2.5 µM ABA + 12.5 g L-1 PEG 6000 provided greater individualization of somatic embryos. After 30 d in the germination medium, complete germination was verified. Anatomical analyses revealed evidence of unicellular origin. This study provides a first protocol capable of promoting the vegetative propagation from leaf tissues of Euterpe precatoria by SE.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

To the University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil, for the financial support for the field collection, and the Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil, for helping with the collection of biological material in the field.

Funding

This research was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes/Embrapa 001-2011/Grant 39) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 308731/2019-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Jéssica Cristina Barbosa Ferreira

  2. CNPq/Embrapa Postoctoral Fellowship Program, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Inaê Mariê de Araújo Silva-Cardoso

  3. Department of Botany, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Rennan Oliveira Meira

  4. Center for Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

    Frederico Henrique da Silva Costa

  5. Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil

    Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira

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  1. Jéssica Cristina Barbosa Ferreira
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  2. Inaê Mariê de Araújo Silva-Cardoso
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  3. Rennan Oliveira Meira
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  4. Frederico Henrique da Silva Costa
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  5. Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
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Contributions

JES-P and JCBF conceived, carried out, designed and analyzed the experiments, summarized the results, and wrote the manuscript. IMASC, ROM, and JCBF performed the experiments, anatomic cuts, and microscopic examination and acquired the photographs, besides writing the first version of the manuscript. JCBF and FHSC provided field collection and introduction of the material to in vitro conditions. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript in its final form.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira.

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Ferreira, J.C.B., de Araújo Silva-Cardoso, I.M., Meira, R.O. et al. Towards development of an efficient somatic embryogenesis protocol for the palm tree Euterpe precatoria (Mart.) from leaf tissues of adult plants. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 58, 750–768 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-022-10310-8

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