Abstract
Fertility variation and effective number of parents were estimated in the 100 individuals from each of three plantation populations (P1, P2 and P3) of the endangered Pinus nigra. subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata established in the Isparta–Golcuk district in southern Turkey in 1990. Potential relations between cone yield and growth characters (height, diameter at breast height, diameter at base and crown diameter) were also investigated. Large differences were found among populations and within populations for cone production and growth characters. Mean cone production was eight (ranging from 6.5 in P2 to 9.1 in P1) for the three populations. The 10 most productive individuals for cones produced 32% of the total cones in P1, 39% in P2 and 34% in P3; 21, 16 and 6 individuals, respectively did not produce any cones in the populations. According to the correlation analyses, the relation between cone yield and growth characters changed for the populations, while height, diameter at breast height and crown diameter were positively significantly correlated (r = 0.182, 0.135 and 0.209; p ≤ 0.05) with cone production for the three populations. Fertility variation was 1.81 in total of three populations, ranging from 1.72 in P3 to 3.45 in P1). Effective number of parents was 142 (55.2 of number of parents censused; 29%, P1; 49.8%, P2; 58.3%, P3).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhumibhamon S (1978) Studies on scots pine seed orchards in Finland with special emphasis on the genetic composition of the seed. Comm Inst Fenn 94:1–118
Bila AD (2000) Fertility variation and its effects on gene diversity in forest tree populations. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Silvestria 166, Umeå, p 31
Bilir N (2011) Fertility variation in wild rose (Rosa canina) over habitat classes. Int J Agric Biol 13:110–114
Bilir N, Kang KS (2014) Estimation of fertility variation by strobili and cone productions in Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) populations. IUFRO forest tree breeding conference August 25–29, Prague, p 42
Bilir N, Kang KS, Lindgren D (2005) Fertility variation in six populations of Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) over altitudinal ranges. Euphtyica 141:163–168
Bilir N, Prescher F, Ayan S, Lindgren D (2006) Growth characters and number of strobili in clonal seed orchards of Pinus sylvestris. Euphytica 152:293–301
Cercioglu M, Bilir N (2015) Interaction between cone production and growth traits and its effect on fertility variation in Turkish aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) populations. BioScience 10:179–182
El-Kassaby YA (1995) Evaluation of tree-improvement delivery system: factors affecting genetical potential. Tree Physiol 15:545–550
Eriksson G (2008) Pinus sylvestris resent genetic research. SLU Genetic Center, Uppsala, p 111
Genc M, Cengiz N, Bilir N, Gulcu S (1999) Field performans of Pinus nigra Arnold, subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata plantations in Golcuk, Isparta: 8 years result. In: First international symposium on protection of natural environment and Ehrami Karacam, Kutahya, Sept 23–25, pp 60–64
Griffin AR (1982) Clonal variation in radiata pine seed orchard, I. Some flowering, cone and seed production traits. Aust For Res 12:295–302
Kang KS (2001) Genetic gain and gene diversity of seed orchard crops. Ph.D. Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Silvestria 187, Umeå, p 75
Kang KS, Lindgren D (1999) Fertility variation among clones of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) and its implications on seed orchard management. For Genet 6:191–200
Kang KS, Bila AD, Harju AM, Lindgren D (2003) Fertility variation in forest tree populations. Forestry 76:329–344
Kjaer ED (1996) Estimation of effective population number in a Picea abies seed orchard based on flower assessment. Scand J For Res 11:111–121
Koski V (1991) Genereative reproduction and genetic process in nature. In: Mátyás C (ed) Genetics of scots pine. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 59–72
Mátyás C (1991) Seed orchards. In: Mátyás C (ed) Genetics of scots pine. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 59–72
Nikkanen T, Ruotsalainen S (2000) Variation in flowering abundance and impact on the genetic diversity of the seed crop in a Norway spruce seed orchard. Silv Fenn 34:205–222
Nikkanen T, Velling P (1987) Correlations between flowering and some vegetative characteristics of grafts of Pinus sylvestris. For Ecol Manag 19:35–40
Prescher F (2007) Seed orchards-genetic considertions on function, management and seed procurement. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae, Doctoral Thesis, Umeå
Roeder K, Devlin B, Lindsay BG (1989) Application of maximum likelihood methods to population genetic data for the estimation of individual fertilities. Biometrics 45:363–379
Savolainen O, Karkkainen K, Harju A, Nikkanen T, Rusanen M (1993) Fertility variation in Pinus sylvestris: a test of sexual allocation theory. Am J Bot 80:1016–1020
Schmiditling RC (1981) The inheritance of precocity and its relationship with growth in loblolly pine. Silv Genet 30:188–192
Shea KL (1987) Effects of population structure and cone production on outcrossing rates in Engelman spruce and subalphine fir. Evolution 41:124–136
Xie CY, Knowles P (1992) Male fertility variation in an open-pollinated plantation of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Can J For Res 22:1463–1468
Yucel E (1998) Natural distribution and ecology of Pinus nigra Arnold, subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata. Science Faculty of Anadolu University, No: 2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project funding: This study was financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey- TUBITAK (Project No: TOVAG-114O820).
The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Corresponding editor: Yu Lei
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bilir, N., Çatal, Y., Tekocak, S. et al. Fertility variation in endemic populations of Ehrami black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana var. pyramidata). J. For. Res. 28, 683–686 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0347-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0347-6