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A revision of the Inocybe grammata group in North America including four new taxa

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Abstract

A systematic revision of North American species with morphological similarities to Inocybe grammata was conducted based on materials collected in eastern and western North America and Central America. Eight taxa are confirmed in the group proposed here as I. sect. Albodiscae sect. nov., species of which are often characterized by a bicolorous pileus with a distinct pallid disc, the margin covered with superficial silky fibrils, entirely pruinose stipe with a slight or obvious marginate bulbous base, angular to angular-nodulose basidiospores with comparatively few nodules, and thick-walled cystidia. Species in the section are mainly distinguished by basidiome size, pileus color and texture, variation in basidiospore length and number of nodules, to some extent geographic location, and plant association. The section includes the widely distributed I. grammata (= I. albodisca), which associates with conifers and birch in eastern North America; I. albodiscoides sp. nov. from the Pacific Northwest, previously subsumed under I. grammata and I. albodisca; I. floridana from northern Florida, reported for the first time in more than 75 years; I. acriolens, an apparent associate of hemlock and pine in southeast Canada and the northeast U.S.; I. grammatoides, an aspen associate in northern regions of the U.S. and southeast Canada; I. velicopia sp. nov., a widely distributed associate of oak and chestnut in the eastern U.S. and Costa Rica; I. panamica sp. nov. from oak and oak-Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) forests in Costa Rica and Panama; and I. vestalis, a European species sister to the rest of sect. Albodiscae but lacking the distinct bicolored pileus. Independent phylogenies of ITS+28S, rpb2, and rpb1 are inferred. Taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, and/or notes of the North American taxa are provided.

Resumen

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de las especies de América del Norte con similitudes morfológicas con Inocybe grammata con base en materiales recolectados en el este y oeste de América del Norte y América Central. Se confirman ocho taxones en el grupo propuesto aquí como I. secc. Albodiscae secc. nov., especies que a menudo se caracterizan por un píleo bicolor con un disco pálido distintivo, el margen cubierto con fibrillas sedosas superficiales, estípite completamente pruinoso con una base bulbosa marginada leve u obvia, basidiosporas angulares a nodulosas angulares comparativamente con pocos nódulos, y cistidios de paredes gruesas. Las especies de la sección se distinguen principalmente por el tamaño del basidioma, el color y la textura del píleo, la variación en la longitud de las basidiosporas y el número de nódulos y hasta cierto punto la ubicación geográfica y el tipo de plantas a la que se asocian. La sección incluye I. grammata (= I. albodisca) que es ampliamente distribuida y se asocia con coníferas y abedules en el este de América del Norte; I. albodiscoides sp. nov. se encuentra en el noroeste del Pacífico y que anteriormente era incluida en I. grammata e I. albodisca; Iais floridana del norte de Florida que se registra por primera vez en más de 75 años; I. acriolens, una especie aparentemente asociada a abetos y pinos en el sureste de Canadá y el noreste de los EE. UU.; I. grammatoides, asociado a álamos en las regiones del norte de los EE. UU. y el sureste de Canadá; I. velicopia sp. nov., asociada a robles y castaños y ampliamente distribuida en el este de los EE. UU. y Costa Rica; I. panámica sp. nov. de bosques de roble y roble-Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) en Costa Rica y Panamá; e I. vestalis, una especie europea hermana del resto de la sect. Albodiscae pero sin el píleo bicolor distintivo. Se infieren filogenias independientes de ITS+28S, rpb2 y rpb1 y se proporcionan descripciones taxonómicas, ilustraciones y/o notas de los taxones de América del Norte.

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Acknowledgements

PBM, MGG, JK, and NCW were supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-2030779. NCW was also supported by a Lynne and Bob Davis Herbarium Award administered by the University of Tennessee Herbarium (TENN), MGG received support from the Hesler Herbarium Support Fund at TENN, and PBM received support for studies of neotropical Inocybaceae from the Hesler Herbarium Endowment Fund. AC was supported by a Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium Grant (University of Arizona) and a short-term fellowship – Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. RAS was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. 1452154). REH (and Greg Mueller) were supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB-9300798 and DEB-9972018. We thank the curators and staff at ACAD, CSU, FLAS, NY, TENN, UCH, and WTU and Susan Hopkins for field assistance in New York, Sarah Clark for field assistance and accommodations in Washington over the years, and Matt Smith, Roseanne Healy, Marcos Caiafa, and Ben Lemmond for collection and field assistance in Florida. Dick Morrison, Noah Siegel, Jason Slot, Steve Trudell, and Andy Wilson kindly provided photographs and/or collections. Kabir Peay also kindly shared rpb1 data for California samples of I. albodiscoides. Collections from Panama were made under collection permit number SC/P-9-15.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    P. Brandon Matheny

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia, 111221

    Adriana Corrales

  3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Mary Grace Graddy

  4. Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 10458-5126, USA

    Roy E. Halling

  5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Jacob Kalichman

  6. 37 Maple Avenue, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA

    Linas V. Kudzma

  7. Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, 73034, USA

    Clark L. Ovrebo

  8. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Rachel A. Swenie

  9. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Noah C. Walker

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Matheny, P.B., Corrales, A., Graddy, M.G. et al. A revision of the Inocybe grammata group in North America including four new taxa. Brittonia 74, 436–464 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-022-09720-0

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