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Vegetation of the Temperate High Mountains

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Abstract

Most of the high mountains including the tallest ones on Earth are located in the temperate ecozones. High mountain vegetation is particularly diverse due to the variation in relief, bedrock and management. The vertical sequence ranges from the respective zonal forests of the lowlands followed by an oreo-nemoral (summergreen broad-leaved forest) and an oreo-boreal zone (mostly evergreen coniferous forests, i.e. “upper montane”), succeeded by the treeline ecotone (between the timber- and treeline; “subalpine”) to the alpine belt. Depending on the geographical location, the vegetation of the latter consists of grass tundra, dwarf shrub tundra (in the more oceanic regions) and high mountain steppes (in the more continental regions). Many species of the alpine flora are related to arctic taxa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TUM School of Life Sciences, The Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

    Jörg S. Pfadenhauer

  2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Frank A. Klötzli

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  1. Jörg S. Pfadenhauer
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Pfadenhauer, J.S., Klötzli, F.A. (2020). Vegetation of the Temperate High Mountains. In: Global Vegetation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49860-3_10

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