The Creative Brilliance of E. E. Cummings’ “r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r”

Shangpu Wu
Design Thinking Spring
2 min readJan 31, 2024

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I found Cummings’ poem while searching for other things, and I was immediately struck by how strangely it was laid out on the page. Letters and words were spread out across the typeface and surrounded by parentheses, making it look like a grasshopper moving and jumping. With this visual representation, the poem is quickly turned into a work of art, not just a collection of words.

Cummings’s playful breaking down of words is another example of his great creativity. He takes words apart and puts them back together based on how they sound, giving the textual pieces life and movement. Readers have to actively figure out what the morphemes mean, which makes them interact with the work on a deeper, more interpretive level. In the thoughts of the reader, the synesthetic effect is like the grasshopper’s quick, random movements.

In fact, “r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r” is the first poem I’ve ever seen that is formatted and laid out visually on each page. The grasshopper comes to life in a way that has never been done before in verse. The spacing, parentheses, and broken up words make the reader hop around the poem in a way that is not logical.

Cummings turns poems into a multidimensional, interactive form of art by questioning the rules of grammar, structure, and layout. It is no longer just lines on paper; it is a work of performance art that requires its viewers to think deeply. Cummings is a truly amazing artist because he was able to turn a simple grasshopper into such a powerful symbol of creative expression.

Like the meandering, hopping paths laid out by Cummings’ string of words, I think both product and architectural design can embrace more organic, non-linear structural ideas. Like structures that encourage people to freely explore interconnected spaces without a set route or goods that involve users with interchangeable, modular components that necessitate imaginative interaction, the poetry compels readers to actively piece together meaning.

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