Types Of Tree Species In Indonesia #3 Damar Pilau (Agathis borneensis)
The resin tree, also called Dammar Raja, is one of indigenous trees of indonesia and the main producer of resin sap. This resin sap is then processed into 'copal' and used as raw materials for various industries. The resin tree (Agathis dammara) is a native plant of Maluku, Sulawesi, and the Philippine archipelago. But now has been cultivated in various other places including in Java.
The resin tree in some areas is called as kaláne, kèssi, oeneëla (Muluku); dammar lulu or dammar malolo (Sulawesi). In addition to being named resin, in Indonesia is often referred to as the king resin. In English this plant is known as amboina pitch tree or celebes kauri.
Latin name of this plant is Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich. & Rich. which has some synonym names inside are:
Abies dammara (Sheep.) Dum.-Cours.
Agathis alba (Rumph. Ex Hassk.) Foxw.
Agathis loranthifolia Salisb.
Agathis philippinensis Warb.
Agathis pine-dammara Poir.
Agathis regia Warb.
Dammara alba Rumph. ex Hassk
Dammara loranthifolia (Salisb.) Link
Dammara orientalis Domba. (synonym)
Dammara rumphii Presl (synonym)
Pinus dammara Lamb. (synonym)
Uniquely, in Indonesia using the term 'resin' overlap (ambiguous). The word 'resin' is also used for the mention of resin (sap) produced by the number of trees of the genus Shorea and Hopea. While the resin tree sap (Agathis dammara) is more commonly referred to as 'copal'. In addition, the use of the term 'resin wood' is instead used for the mention of wood from the Araucaria tree. While the resin treewood is traded as 'Agatis' wood.
Characteristics and Characteristics of Agathis dammara
Damar Tree (Agathis dammara)
Resin trees (Agathis dammara) large and tall can reach 65 meters. The trunk is cylindrical and straight with a diameter of 1.5 meters. Stem bark is light gray to reddish brown. Skin peels in irregular pieces and is usually pockmarked due to resin.
Leaves are shaped jorong (round elongated) with a length of 6 - 8 cm and width of 2 - 3 cm. The base of the leaf reveals the tip of the tip. Leaf bones are parallel and many. Male and female flowers are in different bunches, on the same tree (single home).
Damar is a native plant of Indonesia. Spreading areas include the islands of Sulawesi, the Maluku archipelago, and the islands of the Philippines. Today, however, damar trees have been cultivated in plantations on the island of Java. It grows in lowland tropical rainforests up to 1,200 meters above sea level.
Although not including rare plants, but the resin tree (Agathis dammara) in its habitat has experienced a population of up to 30% in the last 75 years. Therefore the International Red List for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Redlist) makes it in the Vulnerable (Vulnerable) species.
Utilization of Resin Tree
Stems, leaves, flowers, and berries (Agathis dammara)
The main benefit of resin is the removal of the sap to be copalized (manila copal). Gum rosin out of leather or lumber resin. The out sour will freeze and harden after a few days. The hardened resin sap which will be called copal.
It contains resinol acids, resins, and essential oils. Coal is the base material for the paper coating liquid so as not to spread. In addition copal is used for the mixture of lacquer and varnish, adhesives on dental patches, and adhesive plaster.
The resin tree can also be a tree of greening and shade. While the wood, kur kurang and sturdy, often traded as a building material with the name 'wood agatis'.
Scientific Classification. Kingdom: Plantae. Phylum: tracheophyta. Class: Pinopsida. Order: Pinales. Family: Araucariaceae. Genus: Agathis. Species: Agathis dammara.
References and Images:
http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/14376590
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-4514
http://www.conifers.org/ar/Agathis_dammara.php
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/202906/0
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damar_%28pohon%29
https://id.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1&type=ffds_6047_CHW_ID&p=Image%3A%20commons.wikimedia.org