Biodiversity and Conservation 2 , 3 0 4 - 3 2 6 (1993) A preliminary world list of threatened conifer taxa ALJOS F A R J O N * Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, PO Box 80.102, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands C H R I S T O P H E R N. P A G E Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK NICO S C H E L L E V I S Pinetum Blijdenstein, University of Amsterdam, Van der Lindenlaan 125, 1217 PJ Hilmersum. The Netherlands Received 25 February 1992; revised 24 August 1992; accepted 23 September 1992 Conifers (the fast-growing 'softwoods' of the world) occur as the dominant plants of most temperate rainforest communities. Almost all are tall forest trees, whose high commercial value creates conservation vulnerability for many local species in our increasingly resource-hungry world. Counting species, of an estimated 600 world total 362 would fall into this category and consequently appear on this list. This paper provides a preliminary analytical world census list of 416 conifer taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) considered to be of conservation concern. Keywords: conifers; taxa; conservation; IUCN Red Data Book categories Introduction: the species conservation threat The conifers are well represented as fossil forests on Earth over a period of at least 320 million years. Their ancient history is reflected in a world-wide distribution, their partial decline since flowering plants 'took over' in the Cretaceous in the many relict endemic species. Today, their modern survivors form integral and vitally important constituents of temperate forests in northern latitudes of Europe, Asia and America. They are also the main tree dominants of many temperate rainiorests on isolated tropical mountains, insular areas, and on the landmass tips and islands of the southern hemisphere, to which many of the estimated 600 different species and several whole genera are endemic. Several species are the only forest-forming plants on the semi-arid mountains and plateaus in the interior of continental landmasses. Throughout each of these regions, the ecological role of their vegetation is one of the environmentally productive evergreen forests stabilizing the climates and soils of a great range of habitats, sometimes under the most extreme climatic and edaphic conditions. Internationally, conifers provide a uniquely wide variety of types of wood for almost every important purpose to which timbers are put, especially for structural purposes and for paper, for which softwoods are the world's staple materials. In a more emotive sense, the conifers also include the tallest, biggest and oldest living things on this planet. *To whom correspondence should be addressed. 0960-3115 (~) 1993 Chapman & Hall Threatened conifer taxa 305 Ironically, it is the very importance of conifers to man which is now working toward the demise of many rarer species, and the near-downfall of some. The best timber has always been derived from the largest and oldest inhabitants of the world's natural forests. Consequent over-exploitation of the resource world-wide by persistant logging of the best old natural trees has long been a key factor in eliminating significant future breeding individuals. Such destruction has already probably narrowed the genetic base of many taxa, and some surviving populations may already be beyond the point of recovery of their former ecological diversity, even if logging stopped today. Destruction rates for many rare conifers have increased as man has gained better access to formerly inaccessible areas, and has devised ever more effective ways of removing the trees. Through steady improvements in machinery, the efficiency of timber extraction, including wholesale forest removal over major land areas for chipboard production especially in insular and coastal areas, parallels that of tropical forest destruction, and is of special threat to more localized conifers. Of forest states, certainly the most irreplaceable within human time-scales is the one referred to by lumbermen as 'old growth' forest-i.e, the original wild stands of aged tree individuals, often themselves surrounded by a vigorous, multi-aged vegetation structure, achieved over a large number of years, typically many centuries. For other forests regeneration is often prevented by such factors as grazing and frequent burning or by replacement of native forests by active plantation forestry. Of species and genotype loss, especially threatened (or, in several cases, already largely eliminated) are smaller stands of many of the more local and rarer species initially prized as some of the most unusual and best quality timbers. The threatened conifer list An initial draft list was prepared from accumulated file data, which incorporated that of the Botanic Gardens Conservation Secretariat (BGCS). This has been taxonomically updated as necessary and to it has been added information derived from numerous recent floristic, ecological, conservational and local field surveys, wherever these have been known to us. To these are added direct field survey experience of some of the more critical conifer taxa in Japan, Taiwan, New Caledonia, western and southeastern North America and Chile by one of the authors (CNP). The initial draft list was then circulated to members of the Conifer Specialist Group (CSG), who participate in the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), for evaluation and further amendment. The preliminary list derived is presented below. Taxonomy and nomenclature The 'conifers' presented in this list include taxa at the ranks of species, subspecies and varieties in two Orders: Coniferales and Taxales. In preparing the list, we have adhered to recent revisions and monographs (if any) or recent major floras. Basic taxonomy on familial and generic levels generally followed Page (1990). For Pinaceae (generic rank and lower) Farjon (1990) was followed. The names of taxa in Podocarpaceae are generally in accordance with the revisionary work of De Laubenfels (various publications), with some amendments recently proposed by Page (1988). Where opinions appeared to differ concerning status of taxa, again recent reference works were con- 306 Farjon and Page suited, but excessive 'splitting' or 'lumping' taxonomies were avoided. The nomenclature of Pinaceae follows the recently (June 1991) distributed Draft List of Names in Current Use (NCU) prepared by Farjon (see Taxon 40, 521-4, August 1991, for depository addresses) which has been thoroughly checked by nomenclaturalists. Such lists are as yet unavailable for other conifer families, the followed nomenclature there stems from the works consulted. Distribution The distribution of taxa has been given in the concise manner of the IUCN list, sometimes with conservation status listed separately for each country or region. It has been checked against current literature, especially floras and plant-atlases or monographs; a few of these references (Perry, 1991; Takhtajan, 1981) are given below. It gives only a general idea of distribution and serves only to pinpoint the countries or regions of concern. IUCN listed a Regional and a World Red Data Book category. The present list enumerates the taxa thought to be of conservation importance in a single category, whether local or widespread. This means that if a taxon is being depleted in a restricted part of its range but, in the opinion of the CSG, neither rare nor threatened in most of its range, it has not been included. There has been some urging to include such (disjunct) populations, but with the world-wide distribution of conifers and the diffuse ranges of many taxa it will be obvious that such listing would remain substantially incomplete. Nevertheless, when large-scale destruction, even of still common taxa, is reported, these taxa have been listed. Conservation status We have, in general, followed the definitions of IUCN conservation categories from the Red Data Book, but with further subdivision of some categories, since we feel this more correctly reflects the varying degrees of threat to conifers specifically. They are also digitalized. Additional uncertain categories of the IUCN (indeterminate, insufficiently known) have not been used. The exact status of individual taxa has been a subject of active debate among members, and the category given in this list is that derived on the basis of the best information available to us at present. We have based our assessment of threats strictly on the biological basis of population vulnerablity, as we see it, irrespective of whether that population was, for example, considered as locally closely protected or otherwise in a specific reserve or national park. We feel that this is important for a realistic basis on which to work towards future analyses of losses and of gene pools of taxa. This approach serves to point especially to the important continuation of such refuges, to the very real possibilities of the threats materializing should political circumstances supporting protective areas change, and to the vulnerability still remaining where un-naturally small surviving areas and populations could be subject to the vicissitudes of natural disasters. This is not intended to imply any lack of support for the existence of such areas (indeed the contrary), nor any denegration of trust in the nature of their current management. With this approach in mind, and with threats to conifer populations continually changing, we especially welcome receipt of further information which will enable us to amend and update this preliminary list to reflect more accurately the current biological status of wild conifer taxa. We are grateful to many colleagues for their constructive discussion of these topics so far. Threatened conifer taxa 307 Conservation categories IUCN CSG EX E V (p.p.) V (p.p.) R (p.p.) R (p.p.) 0 1 2 3 4 5 extinct and presumed extinct in the wild endangered most vulnerable vulnerable rare, range very small, at risk range restricted, or rare in entire larger range At present, some elementary statistics may be given (Table 1). Table 1. Status of taxa Status Number of taxa 0 extinct in the wild 1 endangered 2 most vulnerable 3 vulnerable 4 rare, range very small, at risk 5 range restricted or scattered Total number of taxa on the list 1 (Thuja sutchuenensis) 42 54 103 119 97 416 Purposes of the list This list has several specific functions. 1. To provide a basis for further comment and input, especially on a regional and local basis. 2. To point towards the species around which it is most imperative to develop active biological research programmes, and to improve knowledge towards conservation aims. 3. To indicate conifer taxa around which it is of greatest significance to ensure adequate field protection of remaining populations and to develop, as necessary and with greatest priority, new in situ conservation efforts. 4. To outline those taxa most important for botanic gardens already holding them to retain, propagate and disseminate, and around which new ex situ conservation efforts integrated with in situ programmes should be structured. 5. To serve as a framework from which to develop future analysis, and thereby as a basis for the construction of a future action plan by the CSG of IUCN. 6. To provide a list around which to focus priorities for political conservation support. Members of the Conifer Specialist Group Adams, R.P. Plant Biotechnology Center, Baylor University, PO Box 97372, Waco, TX 76798-7372, USA. 308 Farjon and Page Bailey, D.K. 624 Pearl Street, No. 403, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. Barnes, R.D. Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Braggins, J. Department of Botany, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand. de Laubenfels, D.J. Department of Geography, Syracuse University, 343 H.B. Grouse Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-1160, USA. Debreczy, Z. Botanical Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest VIII, H-1476 BP, Pf. 222, Hungary. Farjon, A. Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, PO Box 80.102, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. Hart, J.A. Institute of Forest Genetics, US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667, USA. Hawksworth, F.G. US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 240 West Prospect Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. Molloy, B.P.J. Manaaki Whenua- Landeare Research New Zealand Ltd, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. Page, C.N. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. Perry, J.P. 306 Front Street, Hertford, NC 27944, USA. Rushforth, K.D. 32 Park Lane, Fareham, Hants PO16 7JX, UK. ScheUevis, N.P.A. Pinetum Blijdenstein, University of Amsterdam, Van der Lindenlaan 125, 1217 P J, Hilversum, The Netherlands. Silba, J. 198 West Hoffman Avenue, Lindenhurst, NY 11757, USA. Stockey, R.A. Department of Botany, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada. Styles, B.T. Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Tomlinson, P.B. Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366, USA. Watt, A. Otway Ridge Arboretum, Chapel Vale Road, Laver's Hill, 3238. Victoria, Australia. Woltz, P. Laboratoire de Morphogen~se V6g6tale, Universit6 Aix-Marseille III, Service 442, Facult6 des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-J6rome, Av. Escadrille NormandieNi6men, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 13, France. Zanoni, T.A. Jardin Botanico Nacional 'Dr Rafael M. Moscoso', Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Zhong-tian, Guan, Sichuan Institute of Forestry, Exploration and Design, Ren Ming Bei Lu Road, Chengdu 610081, China. References de Laubenfels, D.J. (1969) A revision of the Malesian and Pacific Rainforest conifers. 1: Podocarpaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 50, 274-369. de Laubenfels, D.J. (1972) Flore de la Nouvelle-Cal~donie et d~pendances, fasc. 4, Gymnospermes. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Paris). de Laubenfels, D.J. (1985) A taxonomic revision of the genus Podocarpus. Blumea 3tl, 251-78. de Laubenfels, D.J. (1988) Coniferales, In Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Vol. 10, pp, 337-453. Leiden: Riiksherbarium. Threatened conifer taxa 309 Farjon, A. (1990) Pinaceae, Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria, Nothotsuga, Tsuga, Cathaya, Pseudotsuga, Larix and Picea (Regnum Veg. Vol. 121). Koenigstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books. Farjon, A. (1991) Draft List of Names in Current Use (NCU) in Pinaceae in the ranks of genus to varietas inclusive. IAPT, Berlin, (Unpublished list distributed to major botanical institutions, June 1991.) Page, C.N. (1988) New and maintained genera in the conifer families Podocarpaceae and Pinaceae. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin. 45, 377-95. Page, C.N. (1990) Gymnosperms (Coniferophytina). In The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed.) Vol 1, [279-] 285-361. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Perry Jr, J.P. (1991) The Pines of Mexico and Central America. Portland, OR: Timber Press. Takhtajan, A. (1981) Rare and vanishing plants of the USSR to be protected. Leningrad: Nauka (Russian, 262 pp.). Taxonomic list Taxon Distribution Status Queensland New Zealand, northern part of North Island New Caledonia Borneo (central) (3); Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak (4) Malaysia (Gunong Tahan) Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu New Caledonia Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu (4): Crocker Range (1?) Northern Queensland New Caledonia, Mt. Pani6 New Caledonia Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak S New Caledonia New Hebrides, Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo), Santo Peak SE New Guinea, PNG, eastern highlands Fiji Islands Argentina, S Brazil Argentina; Chile New Caledonia New Caledonia Norfolk Island New Caledonia New Guinea, PNG New Caledonia New Caledonia New Caledonia New Caledonia, Port Bois6 New Caledonia 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 3 3 Araucariaceae Agathis atropurpurea Hyland Agathis australis (D. Don in Lamb.) Steud. Agathis corbassonii Laubenfels Agathis endertii Meijer Drees Agathis flavescens Ridley Agathis kinabaluensis Laubenfels Agathis lanceolata Lindl. ex Warburg Agathis lenticula Laubenfels Agathis microstachya J. Bailey & C. White Agathis montana Laubenfels Agathis moorei (Lindl.) Masters Agathis orbicula Laubenfels Agathis ovata (Moore ex Veillard) Warburg Agathis silbae Laubenfels Agathis spathulata Laubenfels Agathis vitiensis (Seemann) Benth. & Hook. f. Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria bernieri J. Buchholz Araucaria biramulata J. Buchholz Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Araucaria humboldtensis J. Buchholz Araucaria hunsteinii Schumann Araucaria laubenfelsii Corbasson Araucaria luxurians (Brongn. & Gris) Laubenfels Araucaria muelleri (Carri~re) Brongn. & Gris Araucaria nemorosa Laubenfels Araucaria rulei F. Mueller 4 5 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 5 5 3 3 3 5 Araucaria schmidii Laubenfels Araucaria scopulorum Laubenfels Araucaria subulata Vieillard New Caledonia, Mt Pani6 New Caledonia, local on coast New Caledonia t~ t% Cephalotaxaceae Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight) K. Koch var. drupacea (Sieb. & Zucc.) Koidz. Cephalotaxusfortunei Hook. f. Cephalotaxus griffithii Hook. f. Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li Cephalotaxus lanceolata Feng Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. Cephalotaxus oliveri Masters Cephalotaxus wilsoniana Hayata Japan; Central & W China China, Sichuan, Yunnan, eastward to Zhejiang; N Burma India, Mishmi Hills (Upper Assam) China, Guangdong (Hainan), Guangxi, SE Yunnan China, Yunnan (Gongshan) China, Guangdong (Xingyi, Hainan), Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang (Zizhiqu) (1); Vietnam (3); Upper Burma, Meghalaya (2); E India, Naga Hills China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan Taiwan 5 5 5 4 3 3 Cupressaceae Actinostrobus acuminatus Parl. Actinostrobus pyrarnidalis Miq. in C. Lehm. Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pichi-Serm. & Bizzarri Callitris baileyi C.T. White Callitris drummondii (Parl.) F. Mueller Callitris monticola J. Garden Callitris neocaledonica Diimmer CaUitris oblonga L.C. Rich. Callitris roei (Endl.) F. Mueller Callitris sulcata (Parl.) Schlechter Calocedrus macrolepis S. Kurz Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin SW Australia SW Australia S Chile, Antuco, Valdivia; SW Argentina, Questrihue SE Queensland, NE New South Wales SW Australia SE Queensland, NE New South Wales New Caledonia NE Tasmania SW Australia New Caledonia NE Burma; China, SE Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan; N Vietnam (1) N Taiwan 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 Taxon Distribution Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Andr. Murray) Parl. Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. & Zucc. var. formosana Taiwan, Mt. Morrison USA, SW Oregon, NW California, mainly coastal (Hayata) Hayata Status Taiwan 4 USA, Gulf Coast from Florida to Mississippi Mexico, Baj a California Norte California, Piute Mts and vicinity California, Cuyamaca Mts S Morocco, near Tizi-n-Test China, NW Sichuan, S. Gansu, Min River drainage China, Sichuan China, Yunnan, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang (here treated as C. austro-tibetica Silba) SE Algeria (Sahara), Tassili Plateau, Tamrit China, SE Xizang, Tsangpo River valley California, Monterey County, near coast California, Santa Cruz Mts California, Mendocino County Mexico, Guadelupe Island SW California; Mexico, B aj a California Norte 4 4 4 3 3 1 1 Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP var. henryae (H.L. Li) Little Cupressus arizonica Greene vat. montana (Wiggins) Little Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis (Abrams) Little Cupressus arizonica var. stephensonii (C.B. Wolf) Little Cupressus atlantica Gaussen (a subsp, of C. dupreziana? ) Cupressus chengiana S.Y. Hu Cupressus chengiana var. jiangeensis (N. Chao) C.T. Kuan Cupressus duclouxiana Hickel in A. Camus Cupressus dupreziana A. Camus Cupressus gigantea Cheng & Fu Cupressus goveniana Gord. var. goveniana Cupressus goveniana var. abramsiana (C.B. Wolf) Little Cupressus goveniana var. pygmaea Lemmon Cupressus guadelupensis S. Watson var. guadelupensis Cupressus guadelupensis var. forbesii (Jepson) Little Cupressus himalaica Silba (syn. : C. corneyana auct., non Carri~re) Cupressus lusitanica Mill. var. benthamii (Endl.) Carri~re Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gord. Cupressus torulosa D. Don Diselma archeri Hook. f. Fitzroya cupressoides (Molina) I.M. Johnston Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry & Thomas Juniperus barbadensis L. Juniperus bermudiana L. 4 1 1 4 3 4 1 4 W Buthan 3 Mexico, Puebla, Hidalgo, Veracruz California, near Monterey W Himalaya, S & E Xizang Tasmania, Cradle Mtn S Chile; Argentina, W Patagonia S China, from Zhejiang to SE Yunnan, along Vietnamese border (also in Vietnam); N Laos St Lucia, BWI (Petit Piton) Bermudas 4 4 5 3 3 3 1 1 Juniperus blancoi Martinez Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Ant. Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berth. Juniperus centrasiatica Komarov Juniperus comitana Martinez Juniperus convallium Rehder & Wilson Juniperus convallium var. microsperma (Cheng & Fu) Silba Mexico, NE Sonora, Durango, El Salto, Mexico, Carmona Azores Canary Islands, Tenerife, Palma; Madeira China, Xinjiang, Kuen Luen Mountains Mexico, Chiapas, Comitfin (2); N Guatemala China, NW Sichuan, SE Xizang K 8 China, SE Xizang Juniperus deppeana Steud. var. patoniana (Martinez) Zanoni Juniperus deppeana var. robusta Martinez Juniperus deppeana var. zacatecensis Martinez Juniperus durangensis Martinez Juniperus ekmanii Florin Juniperus flaccida Schlecht. var. martinezii Mexico, Durango Mexico, Durango Mexico, W Zacatecas, Durango Mexico, Sonora, Durango, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes Haiti, Morne la Selle, Morne la Visite (0?) Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martinez Juniperus gamboana Martfnez Juniperus gaussenii Cheng Juniperus gracilior Pilger Juniperus jaliscana Martfnez Juniperus komarovii Florin Juniperus lucayana Britton Mexico, Jalisco Mexico, Jalisco, Puebla, Oaxaca Mexico, Chiapas; Guatemala, Huehuetenango China, Yunnan Dominican Rep., Constanza Mexico, NW Jalisco, S Durango China, N. Sichuan Bahamas (3); Cuba (1), Isla de Pinos; Haiti (0); Jamaica (3) Juniperus monticola Martinez Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, Puebla, Jalisco, Michoacan (Perez de la Rosa) Silba 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth. & Smith) Ball Juniperus pingii Cheng ex Y. de Ferr6 Juniperus przewalskii Komarov Juniperus recurva Buch-Ham. ex D. Don var. coxii (Jacks.) Melville Mediterranean coasts China, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan China, E Qinghai, S Gansu, N Sichuan t.,o N Buthan; China, NW Yunnan t.,o ~O Taxon Distribution Status Juniperus saxicola Britton & Wilson Juniperus standleyi Steyerm. Cuba, Granma, Santiago de Cuba Mexico-Guatemala, Volcan Tacana; Guatemala Japan, Ryuku Islands, Bonin Islands Haiti, Pic la Selle New Caledonia New Caledonia, Mt Humboldt, Mt Kouakou6 New Zealand New Caledonia, Yat6 River, Quinn6 River Russian Rep., Sikhote Alin Prov., near Suchan River New Caledonia (SE part) New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Moluccas S Chile (3); Argentina (5) (Andes to Tierra del Fuego) NE-Central & SW China, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, S Shaanxi, S Gansu; Far East of Russian Rep. (3) S Spain (1); Malta (1); N Morocco (3); N. Algeria (5) North Korea, Kogen Prov., S Kankeyo Prov. ; S Korea; NE China, Jilin (1) China, NE Sichuan, near Chengkou 2 Juniperus taxifolia Hook. & Arn. Juniperus urbaniana Pilger & Ekman Libocedrus austro-caledonica Brogn. et Gris Libocedrus chevalieri J. Buchholz Libocedrus plumosa (D. Don) Sarg. Libocedrus yateensis Guillaumin Microbiota decussata Komarov Neocallitropsis pancheri (Carri~re) Laubenfels Papuacedrus arfakensis (Gibbs) H.L. Li Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin Platycladus orientalis (L. f.) Franco Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters Thuja koraiensis Nakai Thuja sutchuenensis Franch. Thujopsis dolabrata (Thunb. ex L. f. ) Sieb. & Zucc. var. dolabrata Thujopsis dolabrata vat. hondae Makino Widdringtonia cedarbergensis J.A. Marsh Widdringtonia nodiflora (L,) E. Powrie Widdringtonia schwarzii (Marloth) Masters 3 4 1 3 3 5 2 3 2 5 5 5 3 3 0 Japan, S Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Japan, N Honshu, Hokkaido South Africa, Cape Prov., Cedarberg Mts NE South Africa; Mozambique; Zimbabwe: Malawi, Mt Mlanje (2) South Africa, Cape Prov., Willowmore District Pinaceae Abies beshanzuensis M.H. Wu Abies bracteata (D. Don) D. Don ex Poit. Abies cephalonica Loud. Abies chengii Rushforth China, Zhejiang, Mt Bai-shan-zu NE of Qingyuan California, Santa Lucia Mts Greece, Cephalonia, Euboea, Peloponnesos China, NW Yunnan? e~ Abies chensiensis Van Tieghem ssp. chensiensis Abies chensiensis ssp. salouenensis (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) Rushforth Abies chensiensis ssp. yulongxueshanensis Rushforth Abies cilicica (Ant. & Kotschy) Carri~re ssp. isaurica Coode & Cullen Abies colimensis Rushforth Abies delavayi Franch. var. delavayi Abies delavayi var motuoensis Cheng & Fu Abies delavayi var. nukiangensis (Cheng & Fu) Farjon & Silba Abies densa Griff. Abies durangensis var. coahuilensis (I.M. Johnston) Martfnez Abies durangensis Martinez var. durangensis Abies fabri (Masters) Craib ssp. fabri Abies fabri ssp. minensis (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) Rush forth Abiesfanjingshanensis Huang, Tu & Fang Abies fargesii Franch.) (incl. var. sutchuenensis Franch.) Abies forrestii C. Coltm. Rogers vat. ferreana (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) Farjon & Silba Abiesforrestii var. georgei (Orr) Farjon Abiesforrestii var. smithii Vigui6 & Gaussen Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. guatemalensis Abies guatemalensis var. jaliscana Martinez Abies guatemalensis var. tacanensis (Lundell) Martinez Abies hickelii F|ous & Gaussen var. hickelii China, S Shaanxi, W Hubei, SE Gansu, W Sichuan, SE Xizang China, NW Yunnan, S Sichuan, SE Xizang; India, Arunachal, Pradesh China, Yunnan, Lijiang Shan Turkey, Isaurian Taurus Mexico, Jalisco, Nevada de Colima China, SE Xizang, W Yunnan; N Burma; extreme NE India China, SE Xizang China, Yunnan, Nukiang River E Himalaya, from E Nepal to NE India (Arunachal Pradesh); SE Xizang (Chumbi Valley?) Mexico, Coahuila Mexico, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, N Jalisco China, W Sichuan China, W Sichuan China, NE Guizhou, near Jiangkou (Fanjing Shan) China, S Gansu, Shaanxi, W Hubei, NW Sichuan, Henan? China, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan China, NW Yunnan, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang China, NW Yunnan USA, SW Virginia, W North Carolina, E Tennessee S Mexico; W Guatemala; Honduras Mexico, Jalisco Mexico, N Chiapas Mexico, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas t~ taO Taxon Distribution Abies hickelii var. oaxacana (Martinez) Farjon & Silba Abies kawakamii (Hayata) Ito Abies koreana Wilson Mexico, Oaxaca, Guerrero Taiwan, central Mts South-Korea, Cheju Island, Chiri-san; Russian Rep., Sikhote Alin Range Status Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemmon A bies nebrodensis (Loj ac.) Mattei Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach ssp. equi-trojani (Aschers. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Coode & Cullen Abies numidica De Lannoy ex Carri6re Abies pinsapo Boiss. Abies pinsapo var. marocana (Trabut) Ceballos & Bolanos USA, Arizona, New Mexico, S Colorado Italy, Sicily, Monti Nebrodi W Turkey (Kaz-Dagh, Ulu-Dagh) N Algeria, Mts Babor, Tababor S Spain, Prov. Malaga, Granada N Morocco, Rif Mts Abiespinsapo var. tazaotana (Cozar ex Hug. del Vill.) Pourtet Abies Abies Abies Abies recurvata var. ernesii (Rehder) C.T. Kuan recurvata Masters var. recurvata religiosa (Kunth in H.B.K.) Schlecht. & Cham. sachalinensis (Fr. Schmidt) Masters var. gracilis (gomarov) Farjon N Morocco, Mt Tazaot China, W Sichuan, SE Xizang China, Sichuan, near Songpan Mexico; W Guatemala Russuan Rep., Kamchatka A bies sibirica Ledeb. ssp. semenovii (B. A. Fedtschenko) Farjon Abies squamata Masters Abies Abies Abies Abies veitchii Lindl. var. sikokiana (Nakai) Kusaka vejarii ssp. mexicana (Martinez) Farjon vejarii Martinez ssp. vejarii vejarii ssp. vejarii var. macrocarpa Martinez Abies yuanbaoshanensis Lii & Fu Abies ziyuanensis Fu & Mo Kirgizstan, Talasskij Ala Tau China, SE Xizang, W Sichuan, S Gansu, S Qinghay Japan, Shikoku Mexico, SE Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sierra Santa Catarina N Mexico, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, W Tamaulipas Mexico, Coahuila, Mesa de las Tablas, Nuevo Leon. Cerro Potosi China, N Guangxi, Rongshui Xian (Yuanbao Shan) China, NE Guanxi, SW Hunan za. e% Cathaya argyrophylla Chun & Kuang Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carri~re Cedrus brevifolia (Hook. f.) Henry Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don in Loud. Cedrus libani A. Rich. var. libani Cedrus libani var. stenocoma (O. Schwarz) Davis Keteleeria davidiana (Bertr.) Beissn. Keteleeria evelyniana Masters Keteleeriafortunei (Andr. Murray) Carri6re Larix decidua Mill. var. carpatica Domin Larix decidua var. polonica (Racib.) Ostenf. & Syrach Larsen Larix gmelinii var. olgensis (Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach Larsen Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. var. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) Pilger Larix grif-fithiana (Lindl. & Gord.) Carri~re var. griffithiana Larix griffithiana var. speciosa (Cheng & Law) Silba Larix lyallii Pad. Larix mastersiana Rehder & Wilson Larixpotaninii var. himalaica (Cheng & Fu) Farjon & Silba Larix potaninii var. macrocarpa Law Larix potaninii Batalin var. potaninii Nothotsuga longibracteata (Cheng) Hu ex C.N. Page Picea alcoquiana var. acicularis (Shirasawa) Fitschen SE China, NE Guangxi, SE Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou Atlas Mts of Algeria & Morocco Cyprus, Mt Paphos E Afghanistan; NW Pakistan; NW India; W Nepal (3) Lebanon (2); Syria; Turkey SE Turkey China, NE Yunnan, Sichuan, SE Gansu, S Shaanxi, NW Guizhou, SW Hubei, SW Hunan, N Guangxi; Taiwan (3) China, SW Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan (1); Laos; Vietnam (1) SE China Ukrainian Rep.; Rumania, Carpathian Mts Poland, headwaters of Wista, Carpathians? Russian Rep., Ol'ga Bay NE of Vladivostok (3); North Korea; China, Jilin, E Liaoning China, Shanxi, Wutai Shan E Himalayas China, NW Yunnan, SE Xizang USA, W Montana, N Idaho, N Washington; Canada, SE British Columbia, SW Alberta China, W Sichuan, Guanxian China, S Xizang (Himalaya) China, SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan China, S Ganshu, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan, extreme E Xizang China, NE Guizhou, SW Hunan, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, S Fujian Japan, central Honshu, Yatsugadake Mts o2 .a,a l-axon Picea ah:oquiana (Veitch ex Lindl. ) Carrierc var. alcoquiana Picea alcoquiana var. reflexa (Shirasawa) Fitschen Picea aurantiaca Masters Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritzel (incl. var. rhombisquamea Stapf) Picea brachytyla var. complanata (Masters) Cheng ex Rehder Picea breweriana S. Watson Pieea chihuahuana Martinez Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann ssp. mexicana (Martinez) P. Schmidt Piceafarreri Page & Rushforth Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carri6re vat. komarovii (V.N. Vasiljev) Cheng et Fu Picea koraiensis Nakai var. koraiensis Picea koraiensis var. pungsanensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) Schmidt-Vogt ex Farjon Picea koyamae Shirasawa Picea likiangensis (Franch.) Pritzel var. hirtella (Rehder & Wilson) Cheng ex Chen Picea likiangensis var. montigena (Masters) Cheng ex Che Picea likiangensis var. rubescens Rehder & Wilson Picea maximowiczii Regel ex Masters var. maximowiczii Picea maximowiczii var. senanensis Hayashi Picea meyeri Rehder & Wilson Picea morrisonicola Hayata Picea neoveitchii Masters Picea omorika (Pancic) Purkyne Picea purpurea Masters Distribution Status 73e2 Japan, central Honshu Japan, central Honshu, Akaishi Range China, W Sichuan, SE Xizang? China, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, NW Hubei, W Sichuan. NW Sichuan, NW Yunnan, SE Xizang China, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan; N Burma; NE India USA, SW Oregon, NW California, Siskiyou Mts Mexico, SW Chihuahua, S Durango, Nuevo Leon Mexico, S Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon Burma, Fen-Shui-Ling Valley China, Jilin; North Korea North-Korea; China, Jilin; Russian Rep., Ussuri River North-Korea Japan, Honshu, Yatsugadake Mts China, W Sichuan, SE Xizang China, SW Sichuan China, S Quinghai, W Sichuan, SE Xizang Japan, central Honshu, Yatsugadake Mts, Fuji-san Japan, central Honshu, Yatsugadake Mts, Fuji-san? China, Shanxi, Hebei, Nei Monggol, Shaanxi, S Gansu? Taiwan, central Mts China, NW Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, S Gensu, Shanxi (Wutai Shan), Henan? Yugoslavia, Tara Mts, Drina River drainage China, NW Sichuan, Gansu, E Qinghai 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 e~ Picea retroflexa Masters Picea spinulosa (Griff.) Henry Picea torano (K. Koch) Koehne Picea wilsonii Masters Pinus amamiana Koidzumi Pinus armandii Franch. var. mastersiana (Hayata) Hayata Pinus balfouriana Jeffrey ex Andr. Murray Pinus balfouriana ssp. austrina R. Mastrogiuseppe & China, W Sichuan E Himalaya, Sikkim, Bhutan; SE Xizang? Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku China, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, W Sichuan, Hubei Japan, Yakushima, Tanegashima Taiwan N California, Klamath Mts J. Mastrogiuseppe Pinus bhutanica Grierson, Long & Page Pinus brutia Ten. vat. eldarica (Medw.) Silba S California, Tulare, Fresno & lnyo Counties Bhutan Azerbaijan, near border with Georgia; Iran?; Afghanistan? Ukrainian Rep., Crimea; Russian Rep.; Georgia, near coast of Black Sea; Syria? China, N Sichuan, S Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, NE Hebei Canary Islands Pinus brutia var. pityusa (Steven) Silba Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. Pinus canariensis C. Smith Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis (Griseb.) Barrett & Golfari Pinus caribaea Morelet vat. caribaea Pinus cernbroides Zucc. ssp. lagunae (M.-F. Robert-Passini) D.K. Bailey Pinus cembroides ssp. orizabensis D.K. Bailey Pinus chiapensis (Martinez) Andresen Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. P/nu$ clausa (Engelm.) Sarg. P/nus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. bolanderi Lemmon Pinus coulteri D. Don Pinus cubensis Griseb. Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman Pinus dabeshanensis Cheng & Law Pinus dalatensis Y. de Ferr6 Bahama Islands W Cuba, Isla de Pinos Mexico, Baja California Sur, Sierra de la Laguna Mexico, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz S Mexico; Guatemala USA, S Arizona, SW New Mexico; Mexico, Sierra Madre Occidental USA, Florida, Alabama, Baldwin Co. California, Mendocino Co. California; Mexico, Baja California Norte W Cuba Mexico, Coabuila, Nuevo Leon China, Anhui/Hubei prov. border, Dabie Shan Vietnam, Mts N of Dalat t~ e% g~ to Taxon Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc. var. funebris (Komarov) Liou & Wang Pinus discolor D.K. Bailey & Hawksworth Pinus fenzeliana Hand.Mzt. Pinus gerardiana Wallich ex D. Don in Lamb. Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. in DC. Pinus heldreichii Christ Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis (Ant.) Fitschen Pinus herrerai Martinez Pinus jaliscana Perez de la Rosa Pinus johannis M.-F. Robert Pinus krempfii Lecomte Pinus latteri Mason Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gord. Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey Pinus luchuensis Mayr Pinus lumholtzii Robinson & Fernald Pinus martinezii E. Larsen Pinus massoniana Lamb. var. hainanensis Cheng & Fu Pinus maximartinezii Rzedowski Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese Pinus morrisonicola Hayata Pinus muricata D. Don (incl. var. borealis Axelrod) Pinus nelsonii Shaw Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. dalmatica (Visiani) Franco Pinus occidentalis Sw. Distribution Status Russian Rep., Maritime Prov. (3); North Korea USA, S Arizona; Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango S China, Hainan; Vietnam NW Himalaya, Kashmir; N Pakistan; E Afghanistan; China, S Xizang E Mexico, S Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Sierra Madre Oriental N Greece, Pindos Mts (?), Mt. Olimbos (type loc.) S Yugoslavia; Albania; Greece SW Mexico Mexico, W Jalisco NE Mexico, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon S Vietnam, between Dalat and Nhatrang China, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi; E Burma; N Vietnam S Mexico USA, E California, S Nevada, Utah Japan, Ryukyu (Luchu) Islands W Mexico, Sierra Madre Occidental Mexico, W Jalisco, Michoac~n China, Hainan Mexico, S Zacatecas, Sierra de Morones, near Pueblo Viejo N Sumatra; Philippines Taiwan, central Mts California, Pacific coast, Santa Cruz. Santa Rosa Islands: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Cedros Island NE Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Coahuila (Mts del Carmen) Yugoslavia, Dalmatia E Cuba; Hispaniola 5 5 3 4 5 3 5 4 2 2 1 5 5 5 4 5 2 2 1 5 4 5 2 4 3 Pinuspatula Schlecht. & Cham. ssp. tecunumanii (Eguiluz & Perry) Styles Pinus peuce Griseb. Pinus pinceana Gord. Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. var. estevesii Martfnez Pinus quadrifolia Parl. in DC. ex Sudw. Pinus radiata D. Don Pinus radiata vat. binata (Engelm.) Lemmon Pinus remota (Little) D.K. Bailey & Hawksworth Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & Caballero Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis (Takenouchi) Cheng ex C.D. Chu Pinus tabuliformis Carri6re var. henryi (Masters) C.T. Kuan Pinus taiwanensis Hayata var. damingshanensis Cheng & Fu Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carri6re Pinus tropicalis Morelet Pinus wangii Hu & Cheng Pinus washoensis Mason & Stockwell Pinus yunnanensis Franch. var. tenuifolia Cheng & Law Pseudolarix ambilis (Nelson) Rehder Pseudotsuga japonica (Shirasawa) Beissn. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr Pseudotsuga sinensis var. brevifolia (Cheng & Fu) Farjon & Silba Guatemala; Honduras; El Salvador; Mexico, Chiapas, Oaxaca Balkan Peninsula, Albania; S Yugoslavia; W Bulgaria; extreme N Greece Mexico, Sierra Madre Oriental, Coahuila, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Quer6taro, Hidalgo? NE Mexico, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas S California; Mexico, Baja California Norte California, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Monterey, and S. Luis Obispo Counties Mexico, Guadahipe Island (1), Cedros Island (2) USA, SW Texas; Mexico, Coahuila, E Chihuahua, W Nuevo Leon Mexico, W Michoacan, Cerro de Chiqueritas, Cerro Ocotoso, Puerto del Pinabete China, Heilongjiang, Mongolia, Greater & Lesser Hinggan Ling ga. China, Jilin China, Siehuan, Hubei, Shaanxi China, Guizhou, Guangxi (Darning Shan) S California, Pacificcoast N of San Diego, Santa Rosa Island W Cuba, Isla de Pinos China, SE Yunnan USA, NE California, Modoc, Plumas & Lassen Counties, W Nevada, Washoe County China, Guizhou, Guangxi China, lower Chang Jiang (Yangtse) valley, Hunan, N Jiangxi, N Zheijiang, N. Fujian Japan, W Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu S Cafifomia to China, Guangxi, near Longzhou Taxon Distribution Status Pseudotsuga sinensis var. gaussenii (Flous) Silba Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode var. sinensis (incl. P. forrestii Craib, P. wilsoniana Hayata, P. xichangensis Kuan China, S Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Fujian? 1 China; Taiwan (1) USA, Appalachian Mts 2 5 China, Sichuan, W Hubei, Gansu? China, Sichuan, Yalong Valley, Hubei China, NW Yunnan, SW Sichuan, Guizhou, Fanjinshen USA, S Oregon?, California, Siskiyou Mts, Sierra Nevada USA, N Washington; Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island 3 3 2 5 & Zhou) Tsuga caroliniana Engelm. Tsuga chinensis (Franeh.) Pritzel in Diels var. oblongisquamata Cheng & Fu Tsuga chinensis var. robusta Cheng & Fu Tsuga forrestii Downie Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carri~re ssp. grandicona Farjo Tsuga mertensiana ssp. mertensiana var. jeffreyi (Henry) Schneider Podocarpaceae Acmopylepancheri (Brongn. & Gris) Pilger Acmopyle sahniana Buchholz & Gray Afrocarpus usambarensis (Pilger) C.N. Page Dacrycarpus expansus Laubenfels Dacrycarpus kinabaluensis (Wasscher) Laubenfels Dacrycarpus vieillardii (Parlatore) Laubenfels Dacrycarpus steupii (Wasscher) Laubenfels Dacrydium araucarioides Brongn. & Gris Dacrydium comosum Corner Dacrydiurn cornwalliana Laubenfels Dacrydium ericioides Laubenfels Dacrydium gibbsiae Stapf Dacrydium gracilis Laubenfels Dacrydium guillauminii J. Buchholz Dacrydium leptophyllum (Wassch.) Laubenfels Dacrydium lycopodioides Brongn. & Gris Dacrydium magnum Laubenfels New Caledonia Fiji Islands Tanzania, Mbulu & Lushoto Districts New Guinea Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu New Caledonia Borneo to E New Guinea New Caledonia Malaysia, Malaya New Guinea Malaysia, Sarawak, Merurong Plateau Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu New Caledonia, Lac en Huit, Rivi~re des Lacs New Guinea: Irian Jaya, Mt Goliath New Caledonia, SE part Moluccas, Obi & Sudest Islands 5 ta.a t~ t'~ Dacrydium nausoriense Laubenfels Dacrydium peirrei Hickel Dacrydium spathoides Laubenfels Falcatifolium angustum Laubenfels Falcatifolium gruezoi Laubenfels Falcatifolium taxoides (Brogn. & Gris) Laubenfels Halocarpus kirkii (F. Mueller ex Pad.) Quinn Lagarostrobusfranklinii (Hook. f.) Quinn Lepidothamnus fonkii Phil. Microcachrys tetragona Hook. Microstrobos fitzgeraldii (F. Mueller) J. Garden & L.A.S. Johnson Microstrobos niphophilus J. Garden & L.A.S. Johnson Nageiafleuryi (Hickel) Laubenfels Nageiaformosensis (Dummer) C.N. Page Nageia maximus (Laubenfels) Laubenfels Nageia nagi (Thunb.) O. Kuntze Parasitaxus ustus (Vieill.) Laubenfels Podocarpus affinis Seemann Podocarpus angustifolius Griseb. Podocarpus annamiensis N.E. Gray Podocarpus aristulatis Parl. in DC. Podocarpus atjehensis (Wasscher) Laubenfels Podocarpus borneensis Laubenfels Podocarpus brevifolius (Stapf) Foxw. Podocarpus capuronii Laubenfels Podocarpus costalis C. Presl Podocarpus costaricensis Laubenfels Podocarpus decumbens N.E. Gray Podocarpus deflexus Ridley Fiji Islands China, Hainan (3); Vietnam; Thailand New Guinea, central Irian Jaya Malaysia, Sarawak, two locations on coast Philippines; Indonesia, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Obi Islands New Caledonia New Zealand, North Island, between Hokiana and Manukau Harbour Tasmania, S & W coast Chile, Valdivia, Cordillera Pelado, Chilo6 Island Tasmania, high alpine Australia, Blue Mountains Tasmania, high alpine Vietnam; Cambodia; China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan Taiwan Malaysia, Sarawak S China; Japan, Shikoku (1), Kyushu (1), Ryukyu Islands New Caledonia Fiji Islands, Vitu Levu, Namosi, Voma Peak Cuba, Las Villas, Pinar del Rio China, Hainan; E Burma; Vietnam Cuba; Haiti, Massif de la Selle (2); Dominican Republic, Cordillera Central (2) N Sumatra, Gajo Lands; PNG, Wissel Lakes Borneo, incl. Karimata Island Malaysia, Sabah, Mount Kinabalu Madagascar, Mt Ambatomenaloha S Taiwan, Orchis Isl; Philippines, N Luzon?, Island between Luzon and Taiwan Costa Rica, San Marcos de Irazu; Panama? New Caledonia Malaya; N Sumatra, Gajo Lands ga. bO Taxon Distribution Status Podocarpusdispermus White Podocarpusdrouynianus F. Mueller Podocarpusfasciculus Laubenfels Podocarpusgibbsii N.E. Gray Podocarpusglobulus Laubenfels Podocarpusgnidioides Carfi~re PodocarpusguatemalensisStandley NE Queensland, Atherton Tableland SW Australia, Warren District Taiwan; Japan, Ryukyu Islands Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu Malaysia, N Borneo New Caledonia Mexico; Guatemala (1); E1 Salvador; Belize; Costa Rica (1); Colombia; Venezuela Dominican Republic, Cordillera Central Madagascar Argentina (1); Brazil, near Silo Paulo Borneo New Caledonia Philippines, Luzon, Mt Tapulao New Caledonia 5 2 3 3 5 4 2 5 Podocarpushispaniolanus Laubenfels PodocarpushumbertiiLaubenfels PodocarpuslambertiiKlotzsh PodocarpuslaubenfelsiiTiong PodocarpuslongefoliolatusPilger Podocarpuslophatus Laubenfels PodocarpuslucieniiLaubenfels PodocarpusmadagascariensisBaker var. procerus Laubenfels Podocarpusmatudai Lundell PodocarpusmicropedunculatusLaubenfels PodocarpusmonteverdeensisLaubenfels Podocarpusnakaii Hayata Podocarpuspallidus N.E. Gray Podocarpusparlatorei Pilger Podocarpuspendulifolius Buchholz & Gray Podocarpuspolyspermus Laubenfels Podocarpuspurdieanus Hook. PodocarpusroraimaePilger Podocarpusrostratus Laurent Podocarpusrotundus Laubenfels Madagascar, Fort Dauphin Mexico, Vera Cruz, Puebla, Chiapas; Guatemala, Huehuetenango Malaysia, NW Sabah, N Sarawak Costa Rica, Cordillera de Tilarfin, Monteverde Res. China; Taiwan Polynesia, E Tongan Islands Argentina; Bolivia; Peru Venezuela New Caledonia Jamaica, Mt Diablo Venezuela, Mt Roraima and mountains between Venezuela and Guyana Madagascar E Borneo, Mt Beratus; Philippines, Luzon, Mt Banajao, Lucban ta~ t.~ "~ e~ Podocarpus rusbyi Buchholz & Gray Podocarpus salicifolius Klotzsch & Karsten ex Endl. Podocarpus salomoniensis Wasscher Podocarpussellowii Klotzsch ex Endl. Podocarpus smithii Laubenfels Podocarpus spathoides Laubenfels Podocarpus subtropicalis Laubenfels Podocarpus tixieri Gaussen Podocarpus transiens (Pilger) Laubenfels Podocarpus trinitensis N.E. Gray Podocarpus urbanii Pilger Prumnopitys ladei (Bailey) Laubenfels Prumnopitys standleyi (Buchholz & Gray) Laubenfels Retrophyilum minor (Carri~re) C.N. Page Retrophyllum piresii (Silba) C.N. Page Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilger) C.N. Page Bolivia, Mapiri, Cocopunco N Venezuela San Cristobal Isl. (Solomon) Brazil, near Sho Paulo Australia, Queensland, Mt Lewis Malaya, Mt Ophir; N Moluccas, Morotai; PNG, Rossel Island, Solomon Islands China, Yunnan, Sichuan, Mt Omei Thailand; Kampuchea, Elephant Mts Brazil, Serra do Cip6 Trinidad, on summit of E1Tucuche Jamaica, Blue Mts NE Queensland, Mt Sturgeon Costa Rica, Volcan de Poas, Cerro las Vueltas SE New Caledonia Brazil, Rond6nia, Serra Pacas Novos Venezuela; E Columbia (1); Central Peru on mountains t~ t~ ¢5 (1) Sciadopityaceae Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb. ex J.A. Murray) Sieb. & Zucc. Japan, S Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Taxaceae Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger Amentotaxus argotaenia var. brevifolia Lan & Zhang Amentotaxus assamica D.K. Ferguson Amentotaxus formosana Li Amentotaxus yunnanensis Li Austrotaxus spicata Compton China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang?, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu, Xizang; Taiwan; Vietnam China, Guizhou India, Arunachal Pradesh SE Taiwan China, Yunnan, Guizhou; Vietnam New Caledonia t,~ Taxon Distribution Status Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng)Cheng Taxus brevifolia Nutt. China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi NW North America, Pacific Coast region, Rocky Mountain region Florida; along the Apalachicola River Guatemala; Mexico China, NW Yunnan-W Yunnan, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang California, Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada China, W Hubei, NE Sichuan China, Fujian, Zhejiang USA, NW Florida, SW Georgia China, NW Yunnan 2 5 1 2 3 5 3 1 1 1 Australia, Tasmania Australia, Tasmania Australia, Tasmania 4 4 4 Taxusfloridana Nutt. ex Chapm. Taxus globosa Schlechter Taxus yunnanensis Cheng & Fu Torreya californica Torrey Torreya fargesii Franch. Torreyajackii Chun Torreya taxifolia Am. Torreya yunnanensis Cheng & Fu t,~ Taxodiaceae (recently included in Cupressaceae) Athrotaxis cupressoides D. Don Athrotaxis laxifolia Hook. Athrotaxis selaginoides D. Don Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb, ex L. f.) D. Don var. japonica Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis Miq. in Sieb. & Zucc. Cunninghamia konishii Hayata Cunninghamia unicanaliculata D.Y. Wang & H.L. Liu Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton) K. Koch Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Taxodiurn mucronatum Ten. Edinburgh. Utrecht, 25 August 1992 Japan, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu 5 S China 5 Taiwan 3 China, Sichuan 3 SE China, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan Island, Yunnan; N Vietnam? 2 China, E Sichuan, W Hubei, NW Hunan 2 USA, Pacific Coast region from Curry County, SW Oregon to Monterey Co., California 5 Taiwan, Mt Morrison (3); China, NW Yunnan (3); N Burma (2) 3 USA, S Texas; Mexico; Guatemala 5 o~