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Margaret Fuller: A New American Life: A Pulitzer Prize Winner Paperback – Illustrated, March 4, 2014
Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography
"Thoroughly absorbing, lively . . . Fuller, so misunderstood in life, richly deserves the nuanced, compassionate portrait Marshall paints." — Boston Globe
Pulitzer Prize winner Megan Marshall recounts the trailblazing life of Margaret Fuller: Thoreau’s first editor, Emerson’s close friend, daring war correspondent, tragic heroine. After her untimely death in a shipwreck off Fire Island, the sense and passion of her life’s work were eclipsed by scandal. Marshall’s inspired narrative brings her back to indelible life.
Whether detailing her front-page New-York Tribune editorials against poor conditions in the city’s prisons and mental hospitals, or illuminating her late-in-life hunger for passionate experience—including a secret affair with a young officer in the Roman Guard—Marshall’s biography gives the most thorough and compassionate view of an extraordinary woman. No biography of Fuller has made her ideas so alive or her life so moving.
“Megan Marshall’s brilliant Margaret Fuller brings us as close as we are ever likely to get to this astonishing creature. She rushes out at us from her nineteenth century, always several steps ahead, inspiring, heartbreaking, magnificent.” — Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity
"Shaping her narrative like a novel, Marshall brings the reader as close as possible to Fuller’s inner life and conveys the inspirational power she has achieved for several generations of women." — New Republic
- Print length496 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherMariner Books
- Publication dateMarch 4, 2014
- Dimensions5.31 x 1.19 x 8 inches
- ISBN-10054424561X
- ISBN-13978-0544245617
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Editorial Reviews
Review
2014 Pulitzer Prize citation forMargaret Fuller: A New American Life, by Megan Marshall "Megan Marshall’s richly researched and elegantly presented biography of Margaret Fuller reads like a novel – but with a twist. Marshall takes her cue from Hawthorne, who called his books “romances” rather than novels, in order (as he put it) to “bring out or mellow the lights and deepen and enrich the shadows of the picture” while maintaining allegiance to the “truth of the human heart.” The result is thrilling. Marshall’s keen observations and rigorous analysis are expressed in fresh, creative ways that honor her subject’s own imaginative boldness in life and art. Marshall is keenly aware that there was little distinction between public and private in Margaret Fuller’s life. She shows how Fuller, in fact, aimed to break down such a distinction, which she felt hemmed in the lives of women. Marshall, exhilaratingly, writes Fuller’s story “from the inside out, using the most direct evidence – her words and those of her family and friends, recorded in the moment.” She provides deft and vividly sympathetic reconstructions, bolstered by newly discovered documents, of the interesting times and locales – in Cambridge, New York, and Italy—in which Fuller lived. . . . Like all great historical works, Margaret Fuller informs us about the past as it forces us to think about our present. Fuller, who helped spark the nineteenth-century movement for women’s rights, opened a path that we still follow. Megan Marshall’s beautiful rendition of her life inspiringly links past to present, and is a classic of modern biography." "Megan Marshall's brilliant Margaret Fuller brings us as close as we are ever likely to get to this astonishing creature. She rushes out at us from her nineteenth century, always several steps ahead, inspiring, heartbreaking, magnificent." — Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity "Megan Marshall gives new meaning to close reading—from words on a page she conjures a fantastically rich inner life, a meld of body, mind, and soul. Drawing on the letters and diaries of Margaret Fuller and her circle, she has brought us a brave, visionary, sensual, tough-minded intellectual, a ‘first woman’ who was unique yet stood for all women. A masterful achievement by a great American writer and scholar.” — Evan Thomas, author of Ike’s Bluff: President Eisenhower’s Secret Battle to Save the World "Megan Marshall’s Margaret Fuller: A New American Life is the best single volume ever written on Fuller. Carefully researched and beautifully composed, the book brings Fuller back to life in all her intellectual vivacity and emotional intensity. Marshall’s Fuller overwhelms the reader, just as Fuller herself overwhelmed everyone she met. A masterpiece of empathetic biography, this is the book Fuller herself would have wanted. You will not be able to put it down." — Robert D. Richardson, author of Emerson: The Mind on Fire "Fuller’s was a great life, flush with drama, and Megan Marshall’s new biography rises to it in ways small and large . . . This one pitches Ms. Marshall into the front rank of American biographers . . . 'Margaret Fuller' is as seductive as it is impressive . . . In Ms. Marshall, Fuller has found what feels like her ideal biographer." -- New York Times "A lively, intuitive study of a remarkable American character.” — Kirkus Reviews "The book's success comes from the way that Marshall allows the read —
From the Back Cover
About the Author
Megan Marshall is the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism, Margaret Fuller: A New American Life, and Elizabeth Bishop: A Miracle for Breakfast. In addition to the Pulitzer Prize, her work has been awarded the Francis Parkman Prize, the Mark Lynton History Prize, and the BIO Award, the highest honor given by the Biographers International Organization to a writer who has advanced the art and craft of biography. Marshall is Charles Wesley Emerson Professor of writing, literature, and publishing at Emerson College.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Sarah Margaret Fuller is six years old when she writes this brief letter on a half-sheet of paper saved by the devoted and exacting father who receives it, next by his widow, then by their descendants. Which one of them thinks to label it “First letter”? All of her survivors understand that there are, or will be, biographers, historians, students of literature who care to know.
But first it is the father who treasures his daughter’s message of concern, this lurching unpunctuated parade of runes, from the moment he unfolds the page — a father nearing forty and eager to set his young daughter, already an apt pupil, to a “severe though kind” education. And the mother, just twenty-one at her daughter’s birth, only twenty-seven now: she is known to find any words her firstborn child scribbles on bits of paper “original,” worthy of preservation. At seven, the little girl — a tall little girl with plain looks and auburn hair, whose height and imperious manner set her apart from her age mates — writes again to her father, Timothy Fuller, a brash and for the moment successful lawyer in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a U.S. congressman whose career in politics takes him away to Washington half the year, in winter and spring. It is January of 1818. In the new year, the girl’s concern for her father has transmuted into the desire to earn his good opinion — and so into more words, into the wish to show off her inquiring mind.
“I have learned all the rules of Musick but one,” she writes now in a fine spidery script, and “I have been reviewing Valpy’s Chronology” (a verse narrative of ancient and English history). And: “I should have liked to have been with you to have seen the pictures gallery at NYork.”
Sarah Margaret’s claims of accomplishment, her carefully worded wish to join Timothy in New York, are meant to forestall what she has already come to expect from her overbearing father: the torrent of criticism — of her penmanship, of her rate of progress through his curriculum, of her “stile” of expression, as he prefers to spell the word — all intended to bring his precocious daughter “as near perfection as possible.” Timothy, proud to have been a “high scholar” at Harvard, has been her only teacher, starting her on Latin at age six, requiring that she recite her lessons only to him during his months at home, insisting she be kept awake until his return from work to stand before him on his study carpet late at night, her nerves “on the stretch” until she has finished repeating to him what she had learned that day. Already she has experienced more severity than kindness in her father’s pedagogy.
And so the anxious, eager-to-please seven-year-old Sarah Margaret Fuller apologizes to her father, a man with “absolutely no patience” for mistakes, as she will to no one else in the voluminous correspondence that follows after this second letter: “I do not write well at all,” and “I have written every day a little but have made but little improvement.” And: “I hope to make greater proficiency in my Studies.”
But the verbs tell all — she has learned and reviewed, she would like to see and to make improvement. These verbs are hers. The nouns also: music, art, chronology (the unfolding of world events, the progress of society). These are her concerns, her aims, her occupations at age seven. And they will remain so for the girl who, to her father’s and her own dismay, struggles through years of singing lessons, unable to shine at this one accomplishment. “To excel in all things should be your constant aim; mediocrity is obscurity,” Timothy will prod when he offers to buy her a piano. But she continues to write every day that she has paper and pen to hand, except in times of sickness, until she becomes a woman. And then too, when she will write of music, art, literature, politics, and travel for a nation of readers. She takes her father’s cue, embraces the discipline: she refuses to be mediocre, to be obscure.
The seven-year-old girl must stop writing this second letter, however, a letter that announces her intellect to her father even by way of apology, because her mother — Margarett Crane Fuller — has asked her to “hold the baby,” a new little brother, William Henry, the second after brother Eugene. Three-year-old Eugene “speaks of you sometimes,” the girl tells her father, but he is not old enough to write — or to hold the baby, which he would not have been asked to do anyway, as a boy. Sarah Margaret must hold the baby while her mother, Margarett — a head taller than her bluff, domineering husband, with a slender, elfin beauty; sweet-tempered, but not a woman of letters — writes her own letter to Timothy.
Baby, little brother, elder sister, mother, all crowd around a writing desk with the absent Timothy foremost in their minds — his demanding presence felt across the miles. Missing from this tableau is Julia Adelaide, the “soft, graceful and lively” much-adored second-born daughter who died four years ago, just past her first birthday, when Sarah Margaret was three years old. The abrupt loss, the never-forgotten moment when the baby’s nurse, tears streaming, pulled Sarah Margaret into the nursery to view her sister’s tiny corpse in all its “severe sweetness,” shocked the older girl into consciousness. “My first experience of life was one of death,” she will write years later — so that even now, as she takes her infant brother in her arms and cedes the pen to her mother, she feels alone.
“She who would have been the companion of my life” was “severed from me”: Julia Adelaide might have been Sarah Margaret’s ally in their father’s more “severe” than “kind” school. Julia Adelaide’s death too was far more “severe” than “sweet,” for in the following months Margarett was also severed — or withdrew — from Sarah Margaret, growing “delicate” in health as her grief turned to depression. The sorrowing mother spent hours in her garden, working the flower beds or simply sitting among the fragrant roses, fruit trees, and clematis vines, turned away from her living daughter. And then the brothers came, first Eugene and then William Henry. In dreams, Sarah Margaret sees herself joining a procession of mourners “in their black clothes and dreary faces,” following her mother to her grave as she already has her sister. She has been told, but does not remember, that she begged “with loud cries” that Julia Adelaide not be put into the ground. She wakes to find her pillow wet with tears. Two years later, Sarah Margaret starts again: “My dear father.” By now, January 16, 1820, she has written many more letters to Timothy, signed them “Your affectionate daughter, Sarah M Fuller” or “S M Fuller” or “Sarah-Margaret Fuller.” She has sent him compositions in which “I assure you I . . . made almost as many corrections as your critical self would were you at home.” Obedient to Timothy alone (her mother finds her difficult, “opinionative”), she has let him know she is translating Oliver Goldsmith’s long poem of rural decline, The Deserted Village, into Latin, as he has asked; she is pushing herself through the Aeneid in answer to his challenge — wasn’t she yet “profoundly into” the work? Within six months she will have puzzled out the entire savage-heroic tale in the original Latin.
It is a greater pleasure, almost easy, for the girl to accomplish such intellectual feats during the half-year her father is away. Even though she quarrels with Margarett, is unable to feel her love, she will at times, whether to imitate her mother or to seek her mother’s distilled essence or simply to please herself, sit alone in the garden, at ease among the violets, lilies, and roses: “my mother’s hand had planted them, and they bloomed for me.” Like Persephone, she is free above ground during the two seasons her father is away, when her mother’s “flower-like nature” prevails, when she need answer only to Timothy’s exhorting letters.
In this third letter she begins to test Timothy’s strictures. Twice before she has written asking his permission to read an Italian thriller, Zeluco, and twice she has recommended for his own reading a novel — “Do not let the name novel make you think it is either trifling or silly,” she urges — called Hesitation: or, To Marry, or Not to Marry? In the pages of Hesitation she has encountered, along with the novel’s pair of indecisive lovers, the extraordinary comtesse de Pologne, a witty conversationalist, happily single, with the “power to disengage herself from the shackles of custom, without losing one attribute of modesty”: a woman whose personal magnetism draws both men and women to her circle. Does she hope Timothy will find the comtesse too and approve?
Sarah Margaret is writing fiction herself, “a new tale called The young satirist,” she tells her father, in the loose rolling hand she has acquired only recently, which will be recognizably hers from now on. Despite Timothy’s criticisms, she is beginning to feel how bright she is, even brilliant, a commanding presence in her mind’s eye, if not in daily life — the tall girl will soon reach five feet two inches and stop growing, becoming short, plump, and awkward as an adolescent. She too can play the critic, the provocateur, the “young satirist,” when she wishes. She is nine years old. Her mother, Margarett, just thirty, is newly pregnant with a fifth child. She closes her letter: P S I do not like Sarah, call me Margaret alone, pray do!
Product details
- Publisher : Mariner Books; Reprint edition (March 4, 2014)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 496 pages
- ISBN-10 : 054424561X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0544245617
- Item Weight : 13.3 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.31 x 1.19 x 8 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #134,868 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #179 in Journalist Biographies
- #362 in Women in History
- #1,520 in Women's Biographies
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Marshall’s sensitive and erudite account of Fuller shows clearly why she was so renowned and popular in her time, why she stirred controversy, and why she was so far ahead of those times and even in many ways ahead of ours.
The public accomplishments, well-documented by Marshall and others, are widely known: editor of the Dial, the Transcendentalist journal and perhaps the most important journal in the first half of the nineteenth century, a published author, the first woman foreign correspondent for an American newspaper, the friend of many famous Europeans (including George Sand, Mazzini), and the personal acquaintance of others (Wordsworth, Carlisle). Her contribution as hospital director in Rome during the Revolution in 1849, comforting the wounded even as shots and shells rained on the city, and her tragic death along with those of her young husband and two-year old son off Fire Island in New York are also common knowledge.
Megan Marshall’s distinctive and remarkable contribution to our knowledge lies in way she tells the story in Fuller’s own words—from her published writings, private journals, and letter to friends—and the words of those who knew her, again through their letters and journals. Marshall gives the reader such an intimate view of Fuller that one feels as if one where there, listening as Fuller teaches, holds her famous “Conversations,” writes to her friends and reads their letters, and travels with her to the Great Lakes region and to New York and Europe. One worries with her about her husband, on the battle lines in Rome, and about her child, even as she nurses the injured. The reader is also immersed in the social and cultural milieu of elite Boston, Indian villages, the newly-minted farming communities of the Mid-West, and New York with its vibrant life and painful squalor. As she sails home from Europe, one wonders if she cannot but find the America where she grew up and lived most of her life somewhat provincial. There never was any doubt that she found it suffocatingly conventional and often narrow-minded.
Marshall shows us what can be known of Fuller’s inner life as she expressed it in her journals and letters—private and intimate thoughts, including her self-doubts, sometimes shaken confidence, insistent independence, and sometimes fears. Marshall makes clear that Fuller was a genius too often restrained by her times, yet undaunted in her attempts to break out of those bonds. Her views of women and what they could—and should—be anticipated the feminist movement by a century. And yet Fuller understood that woman, in achieving her potential, would also allow man to achieve his. For her, masculine and feminine were a spectrum, so that men have varying degrees of the feminine in them and women varying degrees of the masculine. She did not reject marriage at all, but she flatly renounced marriage as the institution it was in her day. And she saw the absolute equality of the sexes, if they demanded through thought and action the birthright of self-expression and freedom of choice. Almost paradoxically, Marshall reveals the intensity and delicacy of Fuller’s thought and feeling. Like Fuller herself, Marshall is nuanced in her writing, which is both clear and compelling.
Margaret Fuller deserves a book like this, at once scholarly and readable. The reader will be both informed and deeply moved by this life, thanks to Marshall’s deft handling of the material we have.
Born into what 19th century America would have described as genteel poverty, she was raised by her father to excel. She counted among her close personal friends Nathaniel Hawthorne, Horace Greeley, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. With Emerson she would share a bond which was intimate but at times also contentious.
Often described as unattractive, Fuller was also born with a spinal disorder which made one shoulder higher than the other. Because of her physical appearance she often was seen as someone who men wanted to be friends with but whom men did not view romantically. When she went to Italy in an attempt to join in the efforts to reunify the country, she broke with traditionalism, took a lover, and nine months later had a son. Speculation varies as to whether the couple ever legally married, but one fact is known. On Fuller's return to America with her little family, their ship sank within sight of the Long Island shore. Only her child's body was recovered.
Fuller's biographer Megan Marshall has accessed a wealth of information regarding Fuller through Fuller's own writings and correspondence and those of her friends and contemporaries and has produced a chronological record of Fuller's life that is about as thorough and comprehensive as I have ever read. It takes an in depth view of a woman who had no limits and lived life on her own terms with honesty and integrity.
This bio appealed to me because it defined Fuller and expanded on her legacy in great detail which made her seem almost larger than life. She never lived to see 50, but compressed many lives into her own brief one. The Margaret Fuller introduced in this book is quick witted and could more than hold her own against any man.