Bermuda cedar

Juniperus bermudiana

''Juniperus bermudiana'' is a species of juniper endemic to Bermuda. This species is most commonly known as Bermuda cedar, but is also referred to as Bermuda juniper. Historically, this tree formed woodland that covered much of Bermuda.
Bermuda cedar bark detail Juniperus bermudiana is a tree growing to around 15 m. Native to Bermuda Island in temperate, lowland, open forest. Populations occur on limestone-derived soils on hillsides.

The species is critically endangered in its natural habitat due to defoliation and mortality caused by two scale insects, Lepidosaphes newsteadi and Carulaspis minima. (Both were introduced from the mainland U.S. sometime prior to 1942, an event known in Bermuda as 'The Blight', or 'The Cedar Blight'). In 1978 it was estimated that 99% of the population had been killed. Fortunately the population has begun to recover; the surviving trees are resistant to the scale insect, and both natural regeneration and purposeful human plantings have augmented the number and distribution of trees. 

This specimen seen in the Sydney Botanic Gardens is 15 m in height, has a 20 m crown and is female.  Australia,Bark,Bermuda cedar,Bermuda juniper,Cupressaceae,Flora,Geotagged,Juniperus bermudiana,Pinales,Winter,botay,tree

Appearance

The Bermuda cedar is an evergreen tree growing up to 15 m tall with a trunk up to 60 cm thick and thin bark that sheds in strips. The foliage is produced in blue-green sprays, with the individual shoots 1.3–1.6 mm wide, four-sided in section.

The leaves are scale-like, with an inconspicuous gland. They are arranged in opposite decussate pairs, occasionally decussate whorls of three. Juvenile plants bear needle-like leaves 4–8 mm long. The cones are irregularly globose to broad pyriform, soft and berry-like, green at first, maturing bluish-purple about 8 months after pollination. They contain one or two seeds.

The male cones are 4–6 mm long and begin yellow, turning brown after pollen release in early spring.

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Status: Critically endangered
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
DivisionPinophyta
ClassPinopsida
OrderPinales
FamilyCupressaceae
GenusJuniperus
SpeciesJ. bermudiana
Photographed in
Australia