Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine)

Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine) is a medium to large evergreen tree native to the eastern and southeastern regions of North America. It is a member of the pine family (Pinaceae) and is valued for its timber, wildlife habitat, and ecological importance. 

The Shortleaf Pine typically reaches heights of 50 to 80 feet (15 to 24 meters) and has a straight trunk with an open, rounded crown. In favorable conditions, it can grow up to 100 feet (30 meters) tall. The tree has a relatively short lifespan compared to some other pine species, typically ranging from 80 to 120 years. 

The needles of Pinus echinata are arranged in bundles of two, occasionally three, and are usually 2.5 to 4 inches (6 to 10 centimeters) long. The needles have a slightly twisted appearance and are often flexible. They are typically dark green and persist on the tree for about two to three years before dropping. 

Mature Shortleaf Pine trees produce cones that are small to medium in size, ranging from 1.5 to 3 inches (4 to 8 centimeters) long. The cones are usually ovoid or cylindrical in shape and have prickly scales. These cones contain seeds that are an important food source for various birds and small mammals. 

Due to its timber quality and commercial value, Shortleaf Pine has been extensively harvested in the past for lumber and other wood products. However, conservation efforts and sustainable forest management practices are now in place to ensure the preservation and restoration of this important species. 

Overall, Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, providing ecological benefits, contributing to biodiversity, and serving as an iconic tree in many parts of its native range.