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- 1. Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences University of Swat Presentation Forest Types of Swat Submitted to : Sayed Saqib Jamal Submitted by : Hafsa Wahid Roll no : 195874
- 2. z OUTLINES Introduction Total area of forest in Pakistan Types of forest in Pakistan Types of forest in Swat Sub-Alpine Forest Himalayan moist Temperate Forest
- 3. z INTRODUCTION Pakistan is an oblong stretch of land that runs from Arabian Sea up to Karakoram Mountain between 24°N and 37°N latitudes and 61°E and 75°E longitudes. Four rivers I.e., Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej enter the main Indus River and together these rivers fabricate one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Despite this extensive irrigation system, Pakistan is poor in forest wealth, which is mainly due to arid to semi arid climate that prevails in most parts of the country
- 4. z TOTAL FOREST AREA According to forest Sector Master Plan (FSMP) 1992 ◙ Total area of the country is 87.98 million hectares. ◙ Only 4.8% (4.2 million ha) are natural forest cover. ◙ 0.117% (103,000 ha) are irrigated plantation. ◙ 32.40% (28.507 million ha) are rangelands.
- 5. z TOTAL FOREST AREA According to Food and Agriculture Organization FAO 2007 ◙ Total area of forests are 5.01% (4.34 million ha). ◙ 3.44 million ha is state owned. ◙ 0.887% (0.781 million ha) area are tree covered on private lands or farmlands. ◙ Most of the forest area exists in KPK and AJK.
- 6. z TYPES OF FOREST IN PAKISTAN
- 7. z TYPES OF FOREST IN SWAT There are two types of forests in SWAT Sub-Alpine Forest Himalayan moist Temperate Forest
- 8. z SUB-ALPINE FOREST ◙ Sub-alpine forest includes Himalayas, Karakourm, Hindukush, Hazara, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Skardu, Gilgit and Kashmir regions. ◙ Elevation ranging from 3350 to 4000m.
- 9. z ◙ Climate is less intense. ◙ Short summer and severs long winter. ◙ Annual average temperature is 10°C & precipitation ranges is 650-900m. ◙ Snowfall exceeded 1m annually. ◙ Dwarf junipers trees height is 8m. ◙ Broad leaf species hight of 9m. ◙ Shrub growth is between 1-3m. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
- 10. z NATIVE VEGATATION Fir or Partal (Abies pindrow) Kail or Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana) Juniper (Juniperus communis) Broadleaved: Birch (Betula utilus) Guchh (Viburnum nervosum) Chan (Rhododendron arboreum) Batangi (Pyrus pashia) Willow (Salix acmophylla), (Salix babylonica),(Salix tetrasperma) Grasses: (Primula capiteliata) (Phleum alpinum) (Agrostis gigantean).
- 11. z IMPORTANCE ◙Serve as watersheds. ◙Recreational purposes.
- 12. z HIMALAYAN MOIST TEMPERATE FOREST ◙ These forests occur in Azad Kashmir, Murree, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Swat, Hazara and Malakand civil division & Naran Kaghan valleys. ◙ Elevation ranging from 1700 to 3350m.
- 13. z ◙ Winters are long and cold with snow and hailstorms. ◙ Summers are short mild and moist. ◙ Annual temperatures 12°C and precipitation is 650 to 1500mm. ◙ Trees height between 25 to 50m and stem girth may rise to 4.5m. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
- 14. z NATIVE VEGATATION Kail (Pinus wallichiana) Deodar (Cedrus deodara) Spruce (Picea smithiana) Fir /Partal (Abies pindrow) Barmi (Taxus bacata) White oak (Quercus incana) Barungi (Quercus dilatata) Brown oak (Quercus semicarpifolia) Chan (Rhododendron arboreum) Bankhor (Aesculusindica) Ash (Fraxinus hookeri) Maple (Acer oblongum) Kainthi (Indigofera oblongifolia) Phut (Lonicera japonica) Jangli gulab (Rosa moschata) Black berry (Rubus lasiocarpus) Guchh (Viburnum nervosum)
- 15. z IMPORTANCE ◙ These forests receive heavy monsoon rains in the summers as well as heavy snowfall in winters. ◙ Constitute major portion of the Mangla and Terbela lake watershed.
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